Transactions with Affiliates (Regulation W)
Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation W, including quantitative limits, collateral requirements, market terms, and exemptions.
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Insight
Unusual dissension in Fed vote on Reg W exemption
March 27, 2026
The drama around yesterday's Fed decision to grant Morgan Stanley a 23A exemption makes the exemption a tempting target for criticism. But a minor factual error in Governor Bowman's statement defending the decision reveals critical context that puts the decision in perspective. In case you missed it, the Fed Board voted 4-3 to approve an exemption letting Morgan Stanley move a significant trading operation from its European non-bank subsidiary to its US FDIC-insured bank. Such a transaction would usually be prohibited by the restrictions on bank transactions with their affiliates in the...
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Regulation & Compliance
We advise banks, fintechs, mortgage companies and others on regulatory compliance across the full spectrum of consumer protection and prudential requirements. Our regulatory practice covers consumer compliance (TILA, RESPA, UDAP/UDAAP, FCRA, HMDA, fair lending), safety and soundness issues, payments rules, and regulatory change management. We help clients understand the impact of new regulations, build compliance programs, and maintain comprehensive regulatory inventories. Services provided by the Regulation & Compliance practice include: Capital Analysis: We assess treatment of assets,...
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Licensing & Transactions
We assist financial institutions and fintechs with charter strategy, regulatory applications, and transactions, including bank-fintech partnerships and acquisitions. Our practice covers the full range of licensing options including commercial bank charters, ILC charters, trust bank charters, and money transmission licenses. We prepare regulatory applications, conduct due diligence on acquisition targets, advise on control issues under the Bank Holding Company Act, Bank Merger Act, and Change in Bank Control Act, and help structure bank-fintech partnerships to address regulatory expectations....
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Banking Organizations
We provide comprehensive legal counsel to banks ranging from community institutions to the largest national and regional banks, as well as specialized trust, wealth management, and employee benefits institutions. Our services span regulatory compliance and examination support, licensing and charter applications, M&A transactions, and public policy advocacy before Congress and federal banking regulators. Capital Analysis: We assess treatment of assets, instruments, and transactions under bank or GSE capital rules. Consumer Compliance: We assist clients with compliance matters on a variety of...
Attorney
BJ Sanford
Partner
BJ Sanford advises payments and fintech companies, U.S. and foreign banks, trade associations, investors, and policy and consulting firms. His practice centers on payments regulation, public policy, and the regulation of bank activities and structure. He also advises clients on regulatory capital, bank investments and control, affiliate transactions, the U.S. operations of foreign banks, and regulatory examinations. Payments regulation. BJ advises payments firms and banks on payment regulation, product development, and compliance with rules including Regulation E, Regulation Z, Regulation II...