Federal Reserve Board

In Trump v. Slaughter, the U.S. Supreme Court made a profound change to the administrative state. The Court ruled that "for cause" removal protections for members of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) are an unconstitutional infringement on the President's executive powers. Gone is Humphrey's Executor v. United States, the seminal case that upheld limits on the President's authority to remove FTC Commissioners, and nine decades of independent agency leadership with a degree of insulation from Presidential control. The implication of Slaughter for other independent agencies, including the...

The drama around yesterday's Fed decision to grant Morgan Stanley a 23A exemption makes the exemption a tempting target for criticism. But a minor factual error in Governor Bowman's statement defending the decision reveals critical context that puts the decision in perspective. In case you missed it, the Fed Board voted 4-3 to approve an exemption letting Morgan Stanley move a significant trading operation from its European non-bank subsidiary to its US FDIC-insured bank. Such a transaction would usually be prohibited by the restrictions on bank transactions with their affiliates in the...

Before you get too excited about the "skinny" master account (aka payment account) proposed by Fed Governor Waller, it's important to read his words carefully. Waller repeatedly stressed that the account would be available to "legally eligible" entities. Under current law, this means depository institutions. Waller's proposal is not a recipe for payment service provider (PSP) access as adopted by the UK, EU, Canada, and others. It is a Fed compromise offer for the many "Tier 3" depository institutions that are currently eligible for master accounts that the Fed does not want to give them. To...

DOGE’s focus on replacing humans with AI adds significance to this recent FRB OIG report on the Bank Exams Tailored to Risk (BETR) process, which tailors community bank exams to risk through model-driven off-site assessment. BETR models use forward-looking metrics to assign each institution a risk classification for each of 10 risk stripes. Each risk classification is associated with a suggested range of examination hours and tailored procedures. Examiners can then use qualitative factors to override the model-recommended classifications, hours, or procedures. The OIG report was relatively...

The Justice Department has informed Congress that it views statutory limitations on the President’s power to remove members of multimember agencies to be unconstitutional. In that communication, the Department specifically cited the “for cause” removal provisions applicable to members of the Federal Trade Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. This position, if accepted by the Supreme Court, would have a significant impact on the independence of other multimember agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board (Fed), the Federal Deposit...

Financial services trade associations have been a core focus of our practice for over half a century. The firm has served as outside counsel to over a dozen leading industry trade associations, as well as numerous issue-focused coalitions. Several of the firm's senior lawyers worked in-house at trade associations prior to joining the firm. We provide trade associations with legal counsel on federal banking, consumer finance, and housing policy matters. Our work includes drafting and editing comment letters to regulators such as the OCC, Federal Reserve, CFPB, FDIC, Treasury, FHFA, and HUD, as...

Jim Sivon specializes in financial services law. He primarily works with financial institutions, fintechs, financial trade associations and consulting firms. Jim provides clients with strategic legal advice on charter options, including commercial bank charters, industrial loan company (ILC) charters, national trust bank charters, narrow state charters, money transmission licenses and options for foreign banks; prepares and shepherds regulatory applications related to corporate transactions and product approvals, including charter applications, Change in Bank Control filings, Bank Holding...